HYDERABAD HISTORY

Hyderabad is the capital of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It also goes by its sobriquet City of Pearls. It is the largest city in Andhra Pradesh and the sixth largest city in India.Hyderabad was founded by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in 1591 on the banks of Musi. The city has been classified as an A-1 city in terms of development priorities, due to its size, population and impact. The twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad come under the ambit of a single municipal unit, The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. Hyderabad has developed into one of the major hubs for the information technology industry in India which has earned it the additional sobriquet "Cyberabad". In addition to the IT industry, various biotechnology and pharmaceutics companies have set up their operations in Hyderabad. The city houses the most costly residential real estate in Andhra Pradesh in the posh Banjara Hills and Jubilee Hills. The city is home to the Telugu Film Industry, the second-largest in India, known popularly as Tollywood. Residents of Hyderabad are generally called Hyderabadis. Located at the crossroads of North & South India, Hyderabad has developed a unique culture, reflected in its language and architecture.

GOLCONDA FORT

Golkonda, a ruined city of south-central India and capital of ancient Kingdom of Golkonda (c. 1364–1512), is situated west of Hyderabad. The most important builder of Golkonda was Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali, the fourth Qutb king. Ibrahim was following in the spirit of his ancestors, the Qutub Shahi kings, a great family of builders who had ruled the kingdom of Golkonda from 1512. Their first capital, the fortress citadel of Golkonda, was rebuilt for defense from invading Mughals from the north. They laid out Golkonda's splendid monuments, now in ruins, and designed a perfect acoustical system by which a hand clap sounded at the fort's main gates, the grand portico, was heard at the top of the citadel, situated on a 300-foot (91 m)-high granite hill. This is one of the fascinating features of the fort. They ruled over the Telangana region and some parts of present day Karnataka and Maharashtra.

CHARMINAR

Charminar meaning "Mosque of the Four Minarets" and "Four Towers" is the most famous mosque and monument in the city of Hyderabad. Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah , the 5th ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty built Charminar in 1591 shortly after he had shifted his capital from Golkonda to what is now known as Hyderabad. He built this famous structure to commemorate the elimination of a plague epidemic from this city. He is said to have prayed for the end of a plague that was ravaging his city and vowed to build a masjid (Islamic mosque) at the very place where he was praying. In 1591 while laying the foundation of Charminar, Quli Qutb shah prayed: "Oh Allah, bestow unto this city peace and prosperity. Let millions of men of all castes, creeds and religions make it their abode, like fish in the water." Today one can see the city as evidence of the prayer being answered. The Mosque became popularly known as Charminar because of its four (Persian/Hindi char = four) minarets (Minar (Arabic manara) = spire/tower).

Andhra Pradesh State Assembly

The Andhra Pradesh State Assembly Building located in Hyderabad city, is the seat of the state legislature of Andhra Pradesh. It was built in 1913, the building was originally the Hyderabad Town hall. The Citizens of Princely state of Hyderabad raised money to build it to mark the 40th birthday of Nizam Mir Mahboob Ali Khan in 1905. This white gem of Hyderabad's architectural splendor was designed by specially commissioned architects. It adjoins the picturesque public gardens.

OSMANIA UNIVERSITY

Founded in 1918 by the Seventh Nizam of Hyderabad state, Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, higher learning in India, the third oldest in southern India and the first to be established in the erstwhile princely State of Hyderabad. For almost nine decades, it has sustained an integrated development of all faculties. It has contributed to the academic, social, and economic development of the region and the nation as a whole. Arts College, A recognizable building in campusIts alumni have distinguished themselves nationally and internationally. Osmania University is a public university situated in the city of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the oldest modern universities in India. It was the first Indian University to have Urdu language as medium of instruction. It is one of the largest university systems in the subcontinent with over 300,000 students on its various campuses and affiliated colleges.

HUSSAIN SAGAR

Hussain Sagar is a lake in Hyderabad, India, built by Hazrat Hussain Shah Wali in 1562, during the rule of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah. It was a lake of 24 square kilometres built on a tributary of the River Musi to meet the water and irrigation needs of the city. There is a large monolithic statue of the Gautam Buddha in the middle of the lake which was erected in 1992.

BIRLA MANDIR

Birla Mandir on the Naubath Pahad is a magnificent Hindu temple of Lord Venkateshwara, entirely built in white marble located in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India . The Birla Foundation has constructed several similar temples in India, all of which are known as Birla Mandir. The temple manifests a blend of South Indian, Rajasthani and Utkala temple architectures. In its entirety, it is made of 2000 tons of pure Rajasthani white marble. The granite of the presiding deity is about 11 ft (3.4 m). tall and a carved lotus forms an umbrella on the roof. The consorts of Lord Venkateswara, Padmavati and Andal are housed in separate shrines. There is a brass flagstaff in the temple premises which rises to a height of 42 ft (13 m)

WARANGAL HISTORY

Warangal, located in the Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh, is at a distance of about 150 km from Hyderabad. Capital of the erstwhile Kakatiya Dynasty in the 12th century, Warangal was also known as Orugallu and Ekasilanagaram. The city known for its beautiful lakes, ancient temples, and forts, features in the travel dairies of Marco Polo. The city with its glorious past, has many interesting places to see, especially those of architectural importance. Undoubtedly, a haven for tourists. The grand Kakatiya architecture is visible in the the Thousand PillarTemple built by Rudra Devi in 1163. Richly carved pillars, delicate screens, elaborate and detailed sculptures... you will be awestruck. The Warangal Fort, now in ruins, dates back to the 13th century, it has beautiful archways and fine geometrical intricacies. Also, present are beautiful temples like the Ramappa Temple, Bhadrakali Temple, and many more, which will transport you back into time. All important Hindu festivals such as Dassera, Deepavali and Sankranthi are celebrated here. In addition, the district also hosts a fair - the Sammakka - Saralamma Jatra or congregation. Every two years, approximately 6 million people converge for over three days around the small village of Medaram. This fair is said to be the largest repeating aggregation of tribal communities in the whole world. Bonalu and Bathukamma festivals, symbolic of the Telangana region are also celebrated here. The Regional Engineering College, National Institute of Technology and The Kakatiya University which is headquartered in Warangal are some of the major educational institutions located here. Warangal can be easily reached from wherever you are, through road or rail. The nearest airport is at Hyderabad.

WARANGAL TOURISM

Veyyi Stambhala Gudi or 1000 Pillar Temple. It has a catchy and apt name. There are thousand pillars of many varieties and sizes; some of them are even part of others! The pillars that support the central 'Natya Mandapam' (dance floor) are large and made of multiple blocks of stone. The other catch is psychological. When you hear "Veyyi Stambalu" (thousand pillars) you imagine a farm of pillars. For my expectation, the temple was much smaller. More so because a mandapam (see left of the picture below), that contributes 400 of 1000 pillars, was dismantled by the Archeological Survey of India for reconstruction. Unlike pillars in other temples of India, pillars of the main temple, are tightly knit and form its walls and so don't seem like there are 600 of them. The temple is star shaped with three shrines devoted to Rudradeva (Shiva), Vishnu, and Surya (Sun). Interestingly, the third deity is not Brahma who is part of the Trinity of God [as in the Trinity (which consists of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva) in Suchindrum] because the Kakatiyas worshipped Lord Shiva and Lord Surya and not so much Brahma. On the fourth side is Shiva's vehicle, Nandi or Bull. Unlike most temples in India that face east, 1000 pillar temple faces south. Because, the Kakatiyas, worshipers of Lord Shiva, wanted early morning sun rays to fall directly on Shiva Lingam. So, of the three shrines, Shiva's shrine faces east and other shrines face south and west. On the fourth side is Nandi. Adding to the uniqueness, the Nandi in 1000 pillar temple looks east, unlike most Nandis in Indian temples that look west. Between these four is the Natya Mandapam (dance floor) where dancers performed

RAMAPPA TEMPLE

The Ramappa temple is near the ancient engineering marvel of the 13th century AD Ramappa tank. The ancient Ramappa tank can be dated back to the period of Kakatiyas. It is a well-conceived tank where a 2000 ft long earthen dam connects a semi circular chain of hills to form a lake. The Ramalingeswara Temple is popularly known as the Ramappa temple because the chief sculptor was Ramappa. It is probably the only temple in India to be known by the name of the sculptor who builds it. It was built under the patronage of the King Kakati Ganapathi Deva by his Chief Commander Rudra Samani at Ranakude in the province of Atukuru. The temple has been described as the "brightest star in the galaxy of medieval temples in the Deccan". The temple is approached thorough a royal garden, now just a lawn with tree lined path. The temple is situated in a valley and is built with bricks so light that they can float on water. Yet the temple is so strong that it is still intact after numerous wars, invasions and natural calamities. The Ramappa temple stands on a 6 ft high platform on a cruciform plan. The sanctum is crowned with a shikhara and is surrounded by a pradakshinapatha. Rich and intricate carvings adorn the walls, pillars and ceilings of this wonderful building. The hall in front of the sanctum has numerous beautifully carved pillars that have been placed to create an effect that combines light and space wonderfully. There are many votive shrines within the temple. There are two subsidiary shrines on either side of the main temple, which are in a good condition. The entire temple complex is enclosed with a compound wall. At the entrance to the temple is a ruined Nandi mandapam, with an imposing 9 ft high Nandi, which is still intact. The Shivalingam in the sanctum also rises to a height of 9 ft. The east-facing sanctum is surrounded with pilasters crowned with Dravidian and Nagara shikharas in an alternating fashion. There is an additional entrance from the north also leading to the Navaranga mandapam in front of the sanctum. The ceiling is divided into compartments by columns from the bottom and is carved with intricate patterns. There is a richness of carvings in this temple on dark rock with a smooth finish, portraying an amazing range of themes from the Puranas and various Indian mythological stories. The temple signifies many facets of Shiva, his royal residence, the Himalaya Mountains and his inhabiting a sacred space beyond the mortal realm. The temple is built upon the classical pattern of being first raised upon a platform that separates its sacred functions from the taint of the everyday. This 'sacred mountain' mindset was characteristic of the temple builders in all the cultures. It represented a powerful symbolic representation of a perfect building, an intersection in midair of the spheres of heaven and earth. The platform lifts it above the normal, transcends the profane, declaring with uncompromising firmness that it is a place for un-common activities dedicated to a god. Maha Shiva Ratri is celebrated for a period of three days in this temple Many of the smaller structures are neglected and are in ruins in the Ramappa temple. There were even instances of people carrying away the bricks, to be proudly exhibited that they can float on water, before the Archeological Survey of India (ASI) took charge of it. The main entrance gate in the outer wall of the temple is ruined, so one can enter only through a small west gate.

WARANGAL FORT

Warangal Fort is one of the architectural wonders of the bygone era. Sited in south-east of Warangal city, the massive structure was built in the 13th century by rulers of the Kakatiya dynasty. Though presently in ruins, Warangal Fort still boasts of the dexterity of artists of earlier times. On the brink of Ekashila (a hill rock), the Citadel appears diffused in the several layers. In the mid-13th century, the construction of this colossal structure was initiated by the Kakatiyan king, Ganapatideva. Rani Rudramaa, who was the daughter of the King, further made the efforts to complete the construction work. Once, one of the impregnable forts in Andhra Pradesh, Warangal Fort is today very popular for its architectural brilliance, which is above and beyond its history. The loose ends of the edifice include commanding gateways and graceful towers that elevate to no less than 50 feet. The remarkable feature about the main gateway comprises of the four gigantic pillars, which have been crafted out of a single rock. Warangal Fort, having three protective layers, suggests the standards of security that used to be employed to guard the inner precincts and center of power. The pride of Kakatiya dynasty, it had two fortifications, with the inner one consisting of four stone gateways. The remnants of the fort present a valuable insight of the past civilization. The wreckage comprises of intricate sculpturea, stone works, motifs and designs - depicting animals like lions and swans. Within the Warangal Fort, you can see remains of the temples that had been erected by the early Qutub Shahi kings. It has many possessions that are worth-seeing. In short and snappy terms, visit the fort and explore this standing testimony of its glorious past.

BHADRAKALI TEMPLE

The Bhadrakali Temple is located on the hilltop between the twin cities of Hanamkonda and Warangal in Andhra Pradesh. The temple is dedicated to the goddess Bhadrakali. Though the image of the deity is called Bhadrakali, the goddess is said to have been transformed by mantras into a very rare form called the Tripura Sundari. Tripper Sundry (Beauty of the Three Worlds or cities) is regarded as the supreme manifestation of Priority - the feminine power that is the vital energy of the universe. The structure of the temple reflects the architectural style of Chalukyas. The 250 year old temple is believed to have been constructed by the Kakativas and is located on the banks of the Bhadrakail Lake. This temple complex houses the deity in her several different forms and avatars. The most remarkable feature of the temple is the square shaped stone image of the Goddess in a sitting posture with fierce looking eyes and face. The Goddess is seen wearing a crown and having eight hands holding various weapons. A major attraction in the vicinity of the temple is the 2-km radius artificial lake. A number of natural rock formations in the surroundings add to the spiritual charm of the temple. Some of these unique rock formations are said to carry immense spiritual powers.

KOMURAVELLI - Temple of Mallikarjuna Swamy

Komuravelli is a small village in Warangal district and it is very famous for the Lord Mallikarjuna Swamy temple. Every year in the month of January fair would be held, which is called Jatara in Telugu. This jatara starts immediately after Makara Sankranti i.e., on the first sunday after Makara Sankranti till the telugu new year Ugadi The feast is conducted on every sundays from Sankranti to Ugadi. People from various parts of the state come to have the darshan of the lord and take his blessings. Most of the devotees are from telangana only and among them yadavs are the majority. The deity of the lord is huge in structure and he is seated in between the two huge rocks with his consorts goddess Bravaramba and goddess Golaketamma. Temple is opened on all through the year, however the darshan of lord would be more worth seeing during the jatara. Apart from the main temple, there is bandi chakralu which is just opposite to the temple, it is believed that the rath shaped structure is the lords chariot which he use to ride. Various offerings and Poojas are perfomed here amongs them the most famous are the Bonalu and the Agigundalu, agigundalu is conducted on the first day of the jatara and again on the last day of jatara. It is believed that on some devotees lord would come, which is called punacam and that is the reason they can walk easily on the hot coal (agigundalu). Bonalu for lord is also very important pooja and which is done by the devotees as offering to lord for being with them and it is thanks giving pooja to the almighty. There is one more offering called as Patam, that is rangoli is done on the ground by the devotees and they dance with joy worshipping the lord and singing various songs on him. Few yards away from the main temple, there is one more temple of Goddess Renuka Devi, sister of Lord Mallikarjuna Swamy, her temple is located on the top of the hill, the devotees need to go by walk to take the blessings of her. However the temple is not any structure made of concrete, a small idol of the goddess is worshiped here who is seated between the rocks. Here also offering of bonalu is done, this is really a worth watching, on the feast day, so many devotees take the bonalu on their heads to the goddess with the diyas on it (lighted lamps on the bonalu). All the bonalu are offered before 7:00 pm in the evening, when we see the devotees taking the bonalu to the hill top from the ground level we can only see the diyas lightening, bright in the dark evening. Bonalu are decorated with the haldi and kumkum according to the devotees wish, we can see the good art done on the bonalu. Few kilometres from the main temple there is one more temple of Goddess Konda Pochamma, this temple is about 15 to 20 kilometres away from Mallikarjuna Swamy temple, people who come to worship Lord Mallikarjuna Swamy would definitely go to this goddess temple too, she is called the village goddess and she too is elder sister of Lord Mallikarjuna Swamy. Here the fair would be conducted on tuesdays same as starting from Makara Sankranti to Ugadi. Once the devotees complete their offering at Komuravelli would travel down to Konda Pochamma temple i.e., on Monday and offer the poojas and bonalu on tuesdays here. Here the temple is small but the goddess power is great, she would bless all her devotees. May all of us have the blessings of God Mallikarjuna. Sri Mallikarjuna Swamy Devasthanam temple is dedicated to fierce looking diety Lord Sri Mallikarjuna Swamy along with Kethamma and Medalamma on both sides of the deity. Devotees often refer this deity as Komuravelli Mallanna. This is one of the most frequented and famous temples in the Telangana region. People from all over the state visit this temple on different occasions. It is believed that the deity of Lord Mallikarjuna Swamy which is a clay moulded is made around 500 years back. As the devotees started visitng the temple and as the rush increased the committee of the temple started developmental activities in the temple and made arrangements for the devotees and also built and renovated mandapamas and choultries, rest rooms, water facility etc. Pedda Patnam which is celebrated on the Maha Sivaratri usually attract lakhs of pilgrims. Sri Mallikarjuna Swamy Devasthanam made provisions for the devotees to do online reservations for various pujas, offerings for annadanam and various other sevas

RANGA REDDY HISTORY

This district is named after the famous freedom fighter and Telanga leader Sri. Ranga Reddy as Rangareddy district. This district was earlier included in the Hyderabad district and later formed as a seperate district in the year 1978. Originally named Hyderabad (Rural) district, it was renamed after Konda Venkata Ranga Reddy, a freedom fighter who fought for the independence of Telangana from the Nizams and who went on to become the deputy chief minister of Andhra Pradesh.

RANGA REDDY TOURISM (MAHESHWARAM)

The lord of destruction and resurrection of the Hindu trinity, Lord Shiva reigns supreme among the ruins left by the ravages of time and man. Besides the main temple, Maheshwaram has two fortresses – Shiva Ganga and Vishnu Ganga, the Kacheri house of Akkanna and Madanna, famous ministers of Bhaktha Ramdas era, the Kodanda Ramalayam, and the Shivaji Durgam. Every edifice here bears the imprint of more than 500 years of history. Making an unforgettable impression on the mind’s eye are the exquisite and detailed sculptures in the many temples here.

HIMAYAT SAGAR

Himayat Sagar is an artificial located about 20 km from Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh, India. It lies parallel to another artificial lake Osman Sagar and it is smaller in size among both. The storage capacity of the reservoir is about 3.0 TMC..

CHILKUR

Nestled in an arm of the beautiful Himayath sagar lake this little village is not only scenic but is also held sacred by the people of the region. The ancient temple of the Lord Balaji is located on an excellent spot by the side of the lake and is increasingly attracting devotees of God as well as of nature. The National Deer Park here is an attempt to protect and nurture the beautiful fauna of the land.

DURGAM CHERUVU

Among the many lakes that dot the Rangareddy District and the twin cities, Durgam Cheruvu is the most unspoilt and quietest. Surrounded by the unique rock mounds that mark the plateau, the ‘’cheruvu’’ or the lake makes for a welcome get away from the noisy urban milieu. Boat rides on the lake, games and food stalls add further to the atmosphere of relaxation here.

KEESARAGUTTA

A thousand ‘’Shiva Lingas’’. All dating back to times beyond memory. Keesaragutta, a unique hillock with a thousand gods, is well known as the place where Lord Rama worshipped Shiva ages and ages ago. The temple here with over a thousand years of history has a unique sand sculpture in the sanctum sanctorum And the archealogical museum here houses artifacts dating back to the 4th century. Keesara is a testament to the Artefacts of the land

NIZAMABAD HISTORY

Nizamabad is a town situated in the Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. Formerly known as Indur or Indrapuri, it also serves as the financial headquarters of the Nizamabad district. In the 8th century, the city had been reined by the Rashtrakutas. It derived its name from Nizam-ul-Mulk, the ruler of the Nizam state. Once the princely states of South India, Nizamabad is the biggest commercial and trading center of the district today. Earlier it had been under the sway of the Chalukya dynasty and then Tughlaq dynasty, followed by the Nizam Kings. After attaining importance industrially and agriculturally, it has come into the glare of publicity. This place was further highlighted with the establishment of Telangana University that serves the districts of Nizamabad, Adilabad and Medak. Nizamabad is also a promising destination from the point of view of travel and tourism. Being influenced by various dynasties, Nizamabad definitely boasts of a blend of cultures. It has rich coffers in the form of forests and agricultural lands. Its major industries are made by confectionery and alcohol units. It is striving hard to achieve heights without compromising its rich culture and indigenousness. Together with grand festivals and ancient monuments, Nizamabad is a great place to visit in Andhra Pradesh.

NIZAMABAD TOURISM (Pochampad)

The Sree Ram Sagar Project, Pochampad one of the biggest irrigation project in the District is having a lot of potential for tourism development. The Dam site itself is located 13 km from Surbiryal. The Project serves as water source to 5 Districts (Nizamabad, Karimnagar, Adilibad, warangal and Khammam) through its three canal. Near to the Dam Site an Sree Ram Mandir temple is also present which is located near the riverbank and one of the most attractive places in Godavari pushkaralu. The project site comprises the dam, pochampad village, project house and a guest house.

NIZAM SAGAR

Nizamsagar was constructed across the Manjira River, a tributary of the Godavari River, between Achampet and Banjapalle villages of the Nizamabad district in Andhra Pradesh, India. Nizamsagar dam was constructed in 1923by the then rulers of the erstwhile Nizam state, Nizam-Ul-Mulk. It is made by making over 40 villages empty. This masonry dam sprawling across the river for 3 km with a fourteen feet wide motorable road over it. There are excellent boarding and lodging facilities nearby, for tourists.

NIZAMABAD FORT

This port is said to be built by Rashtraputha kings in the 10th Centaury. At top the Quilla at about 300' height there is a Rama temple built by Ramdas Mantra of Chatrapathi Sivaji. This is the huge temple with Corridors, Muntaps, Mahamuntaps and large Kalyana Mandapam of about 2000 sq,feet. Area.

NALGONDA HISTORY

Its name is derived from two Telugu words Nalla (black) and Konda (hills). Nalgonda in the past is referred to as Nilagiri. During the period of Bahamani kingdom, it had been renamed as Nallagonda. Later in Nizam rule, during the later kings rule the name has been transformed in to Nalgonda.

NALGONDA TOURISM (Nagarjun sagar)

Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is the world's largest masonry dam built across Krishna River in Nagarjuna Sagar,Nalgonda District of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is downstream to the Nagarjuna Sagar reservoir with a capacity of up to 11,472 million cubic metres which is the world's largest man-made lake with a concrete wall of that measures 6 ft (1.8 m). thick. The dam is 490 ft (150 m). tall and 16 km long with 26 gates which are 42 ft (13 m). wide and 45 ft (14 m). tall. It is one of the earliest irrigation and hydro-electric projects in India. The dam provides irrigation water to the Nalgonda District, Prakasam District, Khammam District and Guntur District.

YADAGIRI GUTTA

Sri Lakshminarasimha Swamy Temple or Yadagirigutta is a popular Hindu Temple of Narasimha Swamy, an incarnation Lord Vishnu It is situated on a hillock in the Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India, 60 kilometers from the city of Hyderabad. It has huge devotees visiting on Sundays and public holidays. The temple is quite popular and is busy throughout the year with different events of the God. The annual brahmotsavam is held in the month of March, it includes Yedurkolu, The Celestial Wedding and Divya Vimana Rathotsavam. The birthday of Lord Narasimha is celebrated on 28 April every year. Lord Narasimha is also known as Yadagiri, hence the name.

KOLANPAKA JAIN TEMPLE

Kulpakji is a Jain Shrine at the Kolanpak village in Nalgonda district. The temple is said to be more than 2000 years old and is still being worked upon. It is renovated very recently by employing more than 150 artisans from Rajasthan and Gujarat. It is said that the renovations in a Jain temple never cease. They are always working on polishing the existing structure or making new additions. The temple houses three idols - one each of Lord Adinath, Lord Neminath and Lord Mahaveer. Lord Vrishaba Deva populary called Adinath Bhagvan was the first "Theerthankara" in the Jain religion. It is believed that the original idol of Lord Adinath, known locally as Manikya Deva has made Kolanupaka its abode. Kolanupaka Temple which is in its present form itself is more 800 years old. It is believed that Jainism was prevalent in Andhra Pradesh before 4 th Century and Kolanupaka was one of the prominent centres of Jainism. There are eight idols of the other Tirthankars on both the sides of the main temple. The statue of Lord Mahaveera is 52" inches tall and is said to be made of a single piece Jade. Idols of Lord Simandar Swami and Mata Padmavati are installed on either side of the main temple. Kulpakji is an important pilgrimage center of Swetamber Jains in South India

BHONGIR FORT

The Fort was built on an isolated monolithic rock by the Western Chalukya ruler Tri-bhuvana-malla Vikram-aditya VI and was named after him as Tribhuvanagiri. This name gradually became Bhuvanagiri and subsequently Bhongir. At the foot of the fortified rocks stands the town of Bhongir, it has a unique egg-shaped construction with two entry points protected by huge rocks, so the fort was considered practically impregnable by invading armies. A moat that encircles the fort, a vast underground chamber, trap doors, an armoury, stables, ponds, wells etc., make for fascinating viewing. The Bala Hisar or citadel on the top of the hill gives a bird's eye view of the neighbouring area. The fort is associated with the rule of the heroic queen Rudra Amma Devi and her grandson Pratapa Rudra. According to legend, there once was an underground corridor connecting Bhongir Fort to Golconda Fort

MEDAK HISTORY

Medak, a historic town originally called Siddapuram, later it known as Gulshanabad also, reached its pinnacle during the Kakatiya dynasty reign. Medak has a citadel dating back to the Kakatiyas. It was built during the reign of Kakatiya emperor Pratapa Rudra. Strategically built on a hillock, it was called the Methukudurgam (and Methukuseema), from the Telugu word Methuku - meaning cooked rice grain. The main entrance proudly displays the double-headed bird "Gandabherundam" of the Kakatiyas. The Medak fort stands as an epitome of architectural excellence of the Kakatiya dynasty. The water to the fort was served through a pipeline from a well inside the fort. It has three main entrances, the "Prathama Dwaram", the "Simha Dwaram" or Lions Entrance that has two snarling lions at the top of the entrance and the "Gaja Dwaram" or Elephant's Entrance that has a sculpture of two elephants interlocked on both sides of the entrance. At the fort one can see a 17th century cannon that is 3.2 meters long. The cannon has a trident etched on it. This fortress uses the natural topography to the maximum advantage with the rocky face offering it natural defenses.

MEDAK TOURISM (Medak Church )

Medak Church is situated in the South Indian state Andhra Pradesh. This region is full of captivating sylvan beauty and is sanctified by the marvellous church. It is built of exclusive white granite in the grand Gothic architectural style. As per the legend, it is said that this church with its fabulous stained glass windows was the outcome of the faithful gratitude of a large number of people wailing in a seemingly insurmountable famine. This famine had its malicious spell for three long years during the World War I. The sad people took shelter to the Reverend Charles Walker Posnett, a British Missionary. The Almighty God provided them food being pleased by the prayers. The Reverend then proposed the building to be turned to a church. It was granted very soon and the church in Medak started in the year 1914. It was consecrated in 1924 during Christmas. This spacious Medak church can contain up to 5000 people at a time. It also has a lot of exciting features. The spiral bell tower rises to a height of 175 ft. The paintings in the church were prepared in 40 years at the London Studio by the British artist. These paintings depict the holy events from the Bible. The window in the north depicts the ascension of Lord Jesus to Heaven and it also forms a canopy to the Altar. Again, the windows on the east and west display various events right from the birth to the crucifixion of the Lord.

MEDAK FORT

This wonderful fort is situated about 75 km from Hyderabad. It has with five sturdy cascading walls on a scenic hillock. The Kakatiyas are said to have built this fort. The two of the five massive walls surrounds this hill. At the entrance of each gateway, the bastions can be seen. A flight of steps has been cut on the rocks for access in and out of the fort. A beautiful mosque of the 17thcentury can be seen inside the fort. There is also a gorgeous palace known as the `Mubark Mahal` inside the fort. The beautiful stone houses contain the granaries, which were earlier the residences of the olden military commanders. The fort walls are adorned with Hindu-temple carvings. The carving of Kakatiyan emblem `Gandabherunda`, a double headed eagle can also be seen.

PAPIKONDALU

In the 'Bison Range' here, the wonderful waters of the magnificent river Godavari join the two districts, Medak and Godavari. This hill rises to a height of 2,280 meter above sea level at some places and thus forms gorgeous gorges in between. The vast plantations of teak and bamboo can be seen here. Papikondalu known as Papi Hills is a Heaven on the earth. Papikondalu or Papi Hills or Papidi Kondalu is part of Eastern Ghats through which Godavari pierces and flows in twists and turns towards east. Entire area of Papikondalu is covered by tropical rain forests and deciduous rain forests. Some of the most interesting places in the world like Papikondalu; this place is interesting by virtue of inherent popularity and growing tourism. Coming from a rich historical country like India, there is also no dearth of interesting tourist sites. Papikondalu is an adventures trip.

MAHABUBNAGAR HISTORY

This place was formerly known as "Rukmammapeta" and "Palamooru". The name was changed to Mahabubnagar on 4th December 1890, in honour of Mir Mahbub Ali Khan Asaf Jah VI, the Nizam of Hyderabad (1869-1911 AD). It has been the headquarters of the district since 1883 AD. The Mahabubnagar region was once known as Cholawadi or the land of the Cholas'. It is said that the famous Golconda diamonds including famous "KOHINOOR" diamond came from Mahabubnagar district.

MAHABUBNAGAR TOURISM (Pillalamarri)

The most important place of interest near Mahabubnagar is the famous banyan tree called Pillalamarri, which is about 8-km from the city. The famous 500 yr. old Banyan tree here, covering an area of over three acres, can accommodate about 1000 people in its shade. There is a shrine of a Muslim saint under the tree. From a distance the tree presents the appearance of a small hillock with green foliage but on reaching nearer, it looks like a large green umbrella under which about thousand people can easily take shelter. The tree is a very old one and it covers an area of 3 acres (1.21 hectares).

UMA MAHESHWARAM

Umamaheswaram is located at a distance of 150 KM from Hyderabad and close by Achampet in Mahabubnagar District. Umamaheswaram temple is situated on very tall hills of Nallamala forests and dates back to 2nd century A.D. To reach the temple, one has to ride on very steep and dangerous curves of 5 mile length from the bottom of the hill. It is well known as North Entrance to Srisailam (Jyotirlingam). Umamaheswaram temple is in deep Nallamalai forests and located in vast range of Scenic mountains. Umamaheswaram is popular for it's Misterious papanashanam where you can always find a mug of water what ever you take out from it throughout the year. Nobody could find from where this water is coming. Till today it is the home for innumerous Sadhus. The presiding deities in Umamaheshwaram are Mallikarjuna (Shiva) and Bhramaramba (Devi).

ALAMPUR

Alampur near Kurnool is home to the very ancient Navabhramma temples dating back to the 7th century CE. Alampur is located at a distance of 200 km from Hyderabad. Alampur is considered to be the western gateway of Sree Sailam, the revered Jyotirlinga Shivastalam in Andhra Pradesh. The southern, eastern, and northern gateways are Siddhavattam, Tripurantakam and Umamaheswaram respectively. The Tungabhadra and Krishna are in confluence near Alampur, which is also known as Dakshina Kailasam (as is Sree Kalahasti in Southern Andhra Pradesh).  Nine temples here referred to as the Nava Bhramma temples are dedicated to Shiva. Near Alampur, is Papanasam with a cluster of over 20 temples of varying sizes and styles. The most important of these is the Papanaseswara temple.

GADWAL

It is famous for handloom weaving industry. Gadwal sarees are popular for their exquisite silk and zari work. Gadwal is one of the centers where a typical, traditional Andhra saree is made. These sarees are unusual, different and dignified. It’s body is cotton while the border and pallu are in silk. They are woven separately and attached later on. Rich traditional designs adorn both the border and the pallu. Mango motif is most popular in these designs. Yellow, parrot-green, pink and beige are the most sought after colours in these sarees.Here is a big fort built by 'Chalukyas'. It is on the Secunderabad-Dronachalam railway line about 140 km from Hyderabad.

KARIMNAGAR HISTORY

Karimnagar's early history is dominated by the famous kingdoms of Satavahanas & Kakatiyas. Koti Lingala in Karimnagar was the first capital of the Sathavahanas before Dharanikota. Excavations at Koti Lingala revealed coinage of Simukha, a Satavahana emperor. Karimnagar was originally called Kareem Nagar, deriving its name from Syed Kareemullah Shah Saheb Quadri. It was one of the regional capitals during the rule of the Nizams.There are many historical monuments are there such as Tower circle,Kaman circle and Elgandal Fort which is 12 km away from karimnagar Town.

KARIMNAGAR TOURISM (Rajarajeshwara Temple, Vemulawada)

Sri Rajarajeswara Swamy temple and the Mosque inside the premises Vemulawada, located 150 km from Hyderabad is known for Sri Raja Rajeshwara Swamy Temple. It is one of the very few temples devoted to Lord Siva. Popularly known as Dakshana Kashi (Benaras of South India) the temple attracts lakhs of devotees from all over the country. The Sri Raja Rajeshwara Swamy Temple is a fine example of communal harmony where both Hindus and Muslims offer obeisance to Lord Siva and Allah. The temple at Vemulawada is next only to Tirupati in terms of its revenues. The temple contributes Rs. 8 lakhs anually to the gram Panchayat for developmental activities in the pilgrim town. Special arrangements are made for the pilgrims during the festival. Several cultural and social activities are also organised by the authorities. Free boarding and lodging is provided to the students. Besides, the temple also offers donations for other small temples. On the Sivaratri day, a record three to four lakh pilgrims through the sacred temple at Vemulawada. Special poojas and darshans are held to mark the festivity. Mahalingarchana is performed by about hundred archakas. At midnight Ekadasa Rudrabhishekham is performed to the deity. The temple is brightly illuminated in the night, presenting an aesthetic look.

KALESHWARAM

Kaleshwaram is the site of the famous Shiva temple called "Kaleswara muktheswara swamy", in the border of the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. It is 277 kilometers from Hyderabad ,125 kilometers from the town of Karimnagar, 115 kilometers from Warangal, and 60 kilometers from Manthani.Kaleshwaram is located exactly at the merging point of the River Pranahita (tributary of Godavari) with the Godavari River . Significance of Mukteshwara Swamy Temple: This ancient temple holds a unique significance as two Shiva Lingas found on a single pedestal,one is Lord Shiva and Lord Yama, collectively known as Kaleswara Mukteswara Swamy. Kaleswaram, is one of the places of the three Shiva temples mentioned in Trilinga Desham (Land of Three Lingams), another name for Telugu speaking region, the Andhra Pradesh, the other two being Draksharamam and Srishailam. This place is also called Dakshina Triveni Sangamam, as two rivers meet here along with third illusionary flow of Antarvaahini. It is said[by whom?] that a long time back one Vaishya has performed abhisheka to Kaleswara Mukteswara with hundreds of milk pots and the milk evolved at the sangamam of Godavari and Pranahita. Hence the name Dakshina Gangotri (other being Allahabad, or Prayaga) Kaleswaram gets a huge number of piligrms during the Karthika Month of Indian Calendar and Maha Shiva Ratri.

DHARMAPURI

Dharmapuri is situated at a distance of about 28-30 km from Jagityal town and 51 km from Peddapalle railway station on the Kazipet-Balharsha section of the South Central Railway. Dharmapuri attained religious importance owing to the existence of the shrine dedicated to Narasimha Swamy, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. Siva With Dakshinamurthy, Vinayaka and Sapitha Mathrukas carved on a single slab of stone and Mahishasuramardhani, the sixty pillared temple, Mahalakshmi temple, and Akkapalle Rajanna temple are the other temples of importance that heighten the sancity of the places of tourist interest in the state. Dharmapuri has one of the largest settlement of Vedic Brahmins in Andhra Pradesh. There is a Sanskrit College and even till date. There have been some traditional families practicing Vedic Hymns and some of the family even have old Talapatra scriptures. There are several small temples virtually in every corner of the street of the town. Until recently people, mostly brahmin scholars have taken bath in river Godavari before they would perform vedic rites in the temple. There is one rare temple of the God Dattatreya [son of Lord Brahma] which is very rare. Dharmpuri is located on the Bank of River Godavari. River Godavari flows West to East except in Dharmapuri where it flows North to South hence the river is termed as Dakshina Vahini

KHAMMAM HISTORY

Khammam is derived from the name of a local hill called Stambhadri which has an ancient temple of Narasimha Swamy on its top. This temple is believed to have been existing since Treta Yuga. Historical records show that the name was "Kammamet" The town is located on the banks of a river called Munneru which is a tributary of the Krishna River. Khammam district has a lot of historical importance in Andhra Pradesh. Khammam town which was the seat of Taluk Administration was part of the larger Warangal district, till 1 October 1953. Five taluks of the Warangal district viz., Khammam, Madhira, Yellandu, Burgampadu , Palonchaand(Kothagudem) were carved out and a new district Khammam with Khammam as District Headquarters. In 1959 Bhadrachalam Revenue Division consisting Bhadrachalam and Manuguru Venkatapuram Taluks of East Godavari district, which were on the other side of the river Godavari were merged into Khammam on grounds of geographical contiguity and administrative viability. .

KHAMMAM TOURISM (BHADRACHALAM)

The Sree Seetha Ramachandra Swamy shrine at Bhadrachalam, the most famous temple in the country dedicated to Lord Rama, is situated on the left bank of the Godavari river. It is a place of pilgrimage for Hindus, considered to be one of the greatest holy shrines in South India with a very rich and unique historical background. The Temple was constructed in the 17th Century by the local Tahsildar, Kancharla Gopanna, popularly known as Bhakta Ramadas, a fervent devotee of Lod Sree Rama. The puranic and historic facts relate that Lord Rama long after he had shed his mortal coils manifested himself to save his devotee Bhadra Maharshi whom he promised 'moksha' after intensive prayer. That is why the village is named after Bhadra as Bhadradri or Bhadrachalam. Srirama appeared in a dream to a woman called Pokala Dammakka and informed here about the existence of vigrahas on Bhadragiri hills. To her surprise she found the "Vigrahas" and put up a modest structure. This was the origin of the present temple.

KHAMMAM FORT

Construction of the Khammam Fort (India) was initiated around 950 when the Telugu area (now Andhra Pradesh) was ruled by the Kakatiya dynasty (10th - 13th century). Later, Musunuri Nayaks and Velama kings were involved in the construction of the fort situated on the hill. Subsequently the Qutb Shahi kingdom (1531) developed further both Khammam Fort and other parts of the region. Khammam Fort represents both Hindu and Muslim architectural influences. The fort has celebrated 1000 years of existence and is set to become a major tourist spot. It is developed as a tourist spot by the government.

PAPI KONDALU

Papi Kondalu is around 60Kms from Bhadrachalam.Papi Hills or Papi Kondalu is part of Eastern Ghats through which Godavari pierces and flows in twists and turns towards east. Entire area of PapiKondalu is covered by tropical rain forests and deciduous rain forests. The boat ride on Godavari via Papi Kondalu is a pleasant and memorable experience. It leads you to countryside patch-worked with tiny farm plots, the landscapes dotted with tribal habitations, the river banks forested with the timber reserves, the fresh air and the deep river all blend tighter to make it a magic place. They present ideal settings to enjoy the nature. The beauty of the uncrowned spaces all along the river makes people stop and stare. Actual Papi Kondalu is a place where the width of Godavari is Narrowest less than a KM). From distance you would feel that both the hills are merging together however the boat cruises through the narrow width of Godavari and this is the best of the entire trip.

KINNERASANI

The Scenery of Kinnerasani Dam is very beautiful with greenery and natural landscape. Glasses Rest House constructed by Singareni Collieries at Kinnerasani has given a boost to attract the tourists in this regard. The Kinnersani project is located at Yanambile among picturesque surroundings. A Dam was constructed across the Kinnerasani River at Yanambile, which provides water to KTPS at Palvoncha for power generation. It also provides irrigation facilities to the nearby farmers through lift Irrigation. Kinnerasani is inagurated by Indira Gandhi which is constructed on the Kinnerasani River. Its very famous for its breath taking view from the dam. You can enjoy the Deer park which is near the Dam. Andhra Pradesh Residential School is located here which was started

ADILABAD HISTORY

This district was earlier called as Ethlabad. This district was formed in the year 1905. The Adilabad district is bounded by Maharastra State in the East, West and North directions, Karimnagar and Nizamabad districts in the South direction. Main rivers are Godavari, Penganga, Pranahita and Kadem . The water sources to this district are Kadem Project at Lakkipet, Vattivagu Project on Vattivagu, Satnalavagu project on Rallavagu and Chelamalavagu project on Chelamalavagu at Ekkapally village. Pochampadu Reservoir on river Godavari caters the water supply to the farm fields. Adilabad, Nirmal, Bellampalli, Mandamarri, Sirpur, Mancheryal, Lakshettipeta. are main towns. The District is occupied with 50% of Forest area, and hosts Three wild life sanctuaries; Pranahita is famous for Tigers, Jaguars, Deer and different Birds, Shivaram is famous for Crocodiles, Monkeys, Foxes and Spotted deer, Kawal is famous for Tigers, Jaguars, Deer's and Panthers. The mineral Wealth found in this district is Coal, Hematite. The Bamboo's from the forest feeds the Sirpur paper mill at Sirpur Khaghaz Nagar, which was established in 1938. World Famous Nirmal Paintings and Toys, and Bell Metal Craft are the handicrafts of this District. The temple of Goddess Saraswathi, the one and only temple of this deity in South India, located at Basar is a famous pilgrim place .

ADILABAD TOURISM

Basara, abode to Gnana Saraswati, is a small village near Nizamabad city that comes under Adilabad district of Andhra Pradesh. Here is located the ancient temple of Gnana Sarasvati - the Goddess of Knowledge. It is believed to be one of the two oldest temples of Goddess Saraswati in India, the other being located in Kashmir. Sited at the convergence of rivers Mangira and Godavari, Saraswati Temple appears serene and pious in the rustic setting. According to the legends, Veda Vyas did penance on the banks of Godavari. He used to bring fistful of sand daily after bath to make idols of Goddess Saraswati, Lakshmi and Kali. Since the 6th century, Basar has been a pilgrimage centre for the Hindus. However, the present structure of the temple is believed to have been erected by Chalukya kings. In the sanctum sanctorum, the idol of Goddess Sarasvati adorns the sight, along with Goddess Lakshmi. In the 17th century, the idols of the temple were reinstated by a chieftain of Nandagiri (Nandeed) subsequent to destruction caused by the Muslim invaders. There is nothing extraordinary about temple's architecture yet its popularity is certainly creditable. Pilgrims from far and near come to pay their homage to the 'Goddess of Wisdom'. Basant Panchami and Navaratri are the major festivals observed at the temple. 'Akshara Gnana' is a special ritual, in which devotees bring their children to the temple. The significance of the ritual lies in the fact that it marks the formal starting of child's education. The child is given little bit of turmeric paste to taste, believing that it will clear his/her vocal chords for better learning. The Goddess answers all the prayers of the committed devotees, filling their life with bliss and happiness

KUNTALA WATERFALL

Kuntala Waterfall, set amidst the Sahayadri mountain range in Andhra Pradesh, presents a wonderful vista with its gushing waters. Identified as the highest waterfalls of the state, the cascade attracts visitors from far and wide. At a distance of about 40 kms from Adilabad city, the fall is to be found near Neredikonda Village in Adilabad district. Kuntala Waterfalls appear as a pleasant surprise, accessible through the twirling roads passing from dense forests. As per the legends, Kuntala Waterfalls were named after the mythological figure Shakuntala, who was the beloved of King Dushyanta. It is said that both of them fell in love with each other amidst the spectacular beauty of the region. Perhaps Shakuntala used to bathe in the waters of the cascade. Through the dense forests, River Kadam flows and tumbles gushing at Kuntala from the height of 45 meters, creating the astounding waterfall. One must experience the spectacle of water splashing down and turning into whirls. Owing to this powerful surge, you can feel the air in the region crammed with mist of the darting waters. The cool breeze, with the whiff of flora around, makes the whole atmosphere simply wonderful. In the monsoons, the splendor of the cascade becomes all the more beguiling, since the river comes down with heavy waters. It appears as if God himself likes this place as much as people do. A temple dedicated to Someshwara Swami is located in the vicinity, where people come to pay their homage to the Lord. You can reach this temple by going through a passage made by a slit in the hill. Festival of 'Maha Shivratri' attracts plenty of devotees to this temple. To put succinctly, Kuntala Waterfalls definitely deserves a visit on your trip to Adilabad.

WILD LIFE

Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary is the prefect destination to look for multiplicity of flora and fauna in India. Located in Adilabad district of Andhra Pradesh, the sanctuary lies at a distance of 50 km from Mancherila and 260 km from Hyderabad. It was established in 1964 with the purpose of safeguarding the endangered species in their natural habitat. Owing to its bio-diversity, the haven was declared as a wildlife sanctuary later. Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary is visited by number of tourists every year. It has two watch towers, which offer stunning view of the surroundings. Sprawled across an area of 893 sq kms, the sanctuary boasts of a dry deciduous forest where teak, bamboo and numerous varieties of trees, shrubs and herbs can be seen. It houses various animals, including Sambar, Cheetal, Nilgai, Barking Deer, Indian Bison, Sloth Bear, Panther and Tiger. The range of reptiles comprises of Python, Crocodile, Star Tortoise, Monitor Lizard, Cobra and many others. Talking about avifauna, one can trace various species of birds like Partridge, Quails, Peacocks, Eagles, Kites, Owls, Mynahs and Kingfishers here. During winters, the chirping sound of the migratory birds reverberates in the region. If you are keen on watching animals and birds, you can wait near rivulets and brooks where they usually come for water. Winter season offers the best time to visit the sanctuary because the weather gets too dry in summers and too humid in monsoons. You can also opt for jeep safari, while having a closer, yet safer, view of the wildlife, to make your trip more interesting. Accommodation is also available here with the Forest Guest House. In concise, Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary is a nice place to experience adventure and thrill, mingled with enjoyment.

SHIVARAM WILDLIFE SANCTUARY

Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary of Andhra Pradesh is a total delight for nature lovers. Sited on the banks of River Godavari, the sanctuary is known for its population of fresh water crocodiles. This haven truly appears to be immersed in nature's beauty and splendor. Sprawled in an area of 36.29 sq km, the wildlife asylum lies at a distance of about 10 km, 50 km and 80 km from Manthani, Mancherial and Karimnagar, respectively. Sivaram Wildlife Sanctuary is a wildlife preserve of its own kind, which boasts of exotic flora and fauna in India. It has deciduous vegetation, comprising of Teak, Timan, Gumpena, Terminalias, Kodsha and thorny shrubs. The sanctuary is home to fauna like Tiger, Panther, Langur, Rhesus Monkey, Sloth Bear, Wild Boar, Cheetal, Sambar, Chausingha, Nilgai, Python, etc. Established in 1987, the Sivaram Wildlife Sanctuary was initiated with a purpose of safeguarding crocodiles. The main attraction of the sanctuary is made up of different species of Crocodiles. Here you can view numerous crocodiles basking in the sun. The Mugger Crocodile seen here is infact a fresh water crocodile that is found in the Indo-Gangetic Rivers like Godavari. Unlike the salt water crocodiles, the Muggers can crawl for substantial distances on land. This feature of the fresh water creatures has popularized them amongst the tourists.